29 de maig 2016

El moviment ecologista, clau en la protecció de la natura a Catalunya

Enric Cortiñas
Associació de Naturalistes de Girona


Amb l’arribada de la democràcia es van constituir a Catalunya diferents organitzacions d’estudi i conservació de la natura. Inicialment, moltes d’aquestes entitats tenien com a objectiu principal divulgar la natura local, però a finals de la dècada dels 70, la majoria van convertir-se en entitats ecologistes, i es va iniciar el procés d’extensió i dispersió territorial de l’ecologisme català.

En els darrers 40 anys a Catalunya s'han produït reaccions explícites de la societat civil i dels moviments ecologistes a projectes urbanístics i industrials. Alguns dels casos més significatius de protecció de la natura i del territori, han estat les urbanitzacions de Port Llevant i Fluvià Marina, la presa de Mont-rebei, la urbanització de Gallecs o el transvassament de l’Ebre, entre d’altres.  

Aquests casos, com la majoria de conflictes territorials, tenen un fil argumental comú. Les administracions o la iniciativa privada impulsen un projecte que topa amb el bé comú de la població. Les entitats de defensa del territori llavors es mobilitzen formant plataformes o coordinadores, i assumeixen diferents accions per aturar aquestes iniciatives. 

Sovint la narrativa dominant presenta aquestes entitats com a “NIMBY" (no al meu pati del darrere), per així deslegitimar les seves demandes. Per això, cal recordar que sense l’acció dels moviments ecologistes no gaudiríem de la natura dels Aiguamolls de l’Empordà o del Delta de l’Ebre. 


Els moviments ecologistes i de defensa del territori han produït un canvi social clar en estendre certs valors democràtics entre la ciutadania: una reafirmació de la sobirania ciutadana, un compromís individual i col·lectiu per protegir el territori, una major comprensió dels efectes de les nostres accions i de la realitat ambiental que ens envolta. En definitiva, aquests moviments han estat claus en la protecció dels espais naturals de Catalunya, i segueixen defensant un canvi de model social i econòmic envers un sistema més sostenible i respectuós amb la natura.

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